The Causes and Effects of Malnutrition in Children

Abstract: Malnutrition is a serious global health issue that particularly affects children, whose growth and development depend on proper nutrition. It includes both undernutrition (such as stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies) and overnutrition (such as overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases). This paper examines the major causes of malnutrition at immediate, underlying, and basic levels, including poor dietary intake, disease, poverty, conflict, and limited access to healthcare and education. It also analyzes the physical and psychological effects on children, such as weakened immunity, impaired organ function, delayed development, and cognitive difficulties. Current global statistics highlight the widespread nature of the problem. The paper concludes by discussing evidence-based treatment and prevention strategies, including nutritional support, public health interventions, and improved access to education and resources. Addressing malnutrition requires coordinated global efforts to protect children’s health and break the cycle of poverty and disease.

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