Parkinson’s Disease: How Physical and Speech Therapy Benefit Elderly Patients

Mariam Alkandari & Shaikha Alsaqabi

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting elderly populations, characterized by motor impairments such as bradykinesia and rigidity, alongside non-motor symptoms including cognitive decline, speech deficits, and dysphagia. This paper examines the pathophysiology of PD, highlighting the role of alpha-synuclein aggregation, Lewy body formation, and dopamine loss in basal ganglia dysfunction. It evaluates the benefits of physical and speech therapy as complementary interventions to improve mobility, communication, and quality of life. Evidence supports aquatic therapy and LSVT BIG for enhancing balance, gait, and proprioception, while speech-language therapy addresses dysphasia, dysphagia, and communication barriers. The paper underscores the importance of interdisciplinary care, where physical and speech therapists collaborate to optimize functional outcomes in elderly patients. Early diagnosis and tailored therapy plans are essential for slowing symptom progression, promoting independence, and mitigating emotional and social withdrawal in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.​​

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